"Surface details of the debris (mud) flow on the North Fork of the Toutle River near Coldwater Creek. ...There is approximately 50 feet of relief between the pond and the mudflow surface. Pyroclastic flows together with hot ash from nuČes ardentes (superheated masses of superheated masses of gas-charged ash that has been explosively expelled) melted the snow and ice on the flanks of the mountain and created these mudflows. Debris filled the North Fork valley of the Toutle River to a depth of 200 feet." (U.S. Dept. of Commerce, 1980, p. 6)

Image of surface details of the debris (mud) flow on the North Fork of the Toutle River near Coldwater Creek.
Mud flows on Toutle River
Photo: Courtesy of NGDC/NOAA.

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